The Rotator Cuff

Four muscles that help your shoulder move and stay stable.

The rotator cuff consists of four muscles and their tendons around the shoulder joint. Together, they help keep the head of the upper arm bone centered in its socket as the arm moves.

Front and back views

Anterior view of the rotator cuff showing the subscapularis
Front view: subscapularis
Posterior view showing the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor
Back view: the other three muscles

Both views are useful because the four muscles are not all visible from the same side of the shoulder blade.

The four muscles

Supraspinatus

Above the shoulder blade’s spine; it helps start lifting the arm.

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Infraspinatus

On the back of the shoulder blade; it helps rotate the arm outward.

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Teres minor

On the back of the shoulder blade; it assists outward rotation.

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Subscapularis

On the front of the shoulder blade; it helps rotate the arm inward.

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What do they do?

Each muscle contributes to particular movements, while the group works together to stabilize the shoulder as you raise or rotate your arm. Their tendons attach to the upper part of the humerus.

What about shoulder pain?

Shoulder pain has many possible causes, including tendon irritation or injury and muscular tension. The location of pain alone cannot identify the muscle or structure involved. If pain persists, your arm feels weak, or you lose range of motion, seek an appropriate medical evaluation.

Back to shoulder anatomy

I hope you find this information helpful.

Thank you for reading,

Michel Bourgeois
Licensed Massage Therapist

This article is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment.